The story
History: facts, each with its source
BMW built the M54 from 2000 to 2006, with an aluminium block and head and VANOS on both cams. It was on Ward's 10 Best Engines from 2001 to 2003, and the N52 replaced it.1
Euro Premium Parts calls it widely considered one of BMW's most reliable engines when maintained, and says most of its problems are ageing parts around it rather than the engine itself.2