The story
History: facts, each with its source
Most markets got the M52 with an aluminium block lined with Nikasil, which wore early on high-sulfur fuel. Wikipedia says US and Canadian cars kept a cast-iron block, apart from the Z3 2.8, so most US engines avoided the problem.1
The M52TU of 1998 used an aluminium block with iron sleeves everywhere and added VANOS on the exhaust cam. The M54 replaced it in late 2000.1
- Valvetrain: Twin overhead cams driven by a chain, VANOS on the intake cam1